"In this chapter we will show how to transform the stress components that are associated with a particular coordinate system into components associated with a particular coordinate system into components associated with another coordinate system. Once the transformation equations are established, we will then be able to obtain the maximum normal and shear stress components at a point and find the orientation of an element on which they act. Plane-stress transformation will be discussed in the first part of the chapter, since this condition is most common in engineering practice. At the end of the chapter we will discuss a method for finding the absolute maximum shear stress at a point when the material is subjected to both plane and three-dimensional states of stress."

COMPONENT
A PORTION OF A FORCE, VELOCITY,... FOR EXAMPLE, A CAR DRIVING TO THE NORTHEAST HAS A NORTHWARD VELOCITY COMPONENT AND AN EASTWARD VELOCITY COMPONENT.

COMPONENTS

NORMAL
IN MECHANICS, NORMAL OFTEN MEANS PERPENDICULAR OR AT RIGHT ANGLES TO A SURFACE OR A DIRECTION. NORMAL CAN ALSO MEAN NOMINAL OR AVERAGE.

NORMAL STRESS
A COMPONENT OF THE STRESS THAT IS PERPENDICULAR (NORMAL) TO A PLANE OF REFERENCE

NORMAL STRESS COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS OF THE STRESS THAT ARE PERPENDICULAR (NORMAL) TO A PLANE OF REFERENCE

PLANE
NORMALLY A FLAT, IMAGINARY SURFACE

PLANE STRESS
A STATE OF STRESS IN WHICH THE STRESSES REMAIN PARALLEL TO A SINGLE PLANE.

SHEAR

SHEAR STRESS

SHEAR STRESS COMPONENTS

STRESS

STRESS